Read This Excerpt From Leo Tolstoy's the Death of Ivan Ilyich:
Table of Contents
Championship Page
Copyright Page
Introduction
THE RAID - A Volunteer's Story
THE WOODFELLING - A Buck'south Story
3 DEATHS
POLIKUSHKA
THE DEATH OF IVAN ILYICH
Later THE Ball - A Tale
THE FORGED COUPON
Notes
PENGUIN CLASSICS
THE Death OF IVAN ILYICH AND OTHER STORIES
COUNT LEO TOLSTOY was born in 1828 at Yasnaya Polyana in central Russian federation, and educated privately. He studied Oriental languages and police (unsuccessfully) at the University of Kazan, then led a life of dissipation until 1851, when he went to the Caucasus and joined an artillery regiment. He took part in the Crimean War, and on the basis of this experience wrote The Sevastopol Stories (1855 — 6), which confirmed his tenuous reputation as a author. Later a period in St Petersburg and abroad, where he studied educational methods for use in his schoolhouse for peasant children at Yasnaya Polyana, he married Sofya (Sonya) Behrs in 1862. The side by side xv years was a period of cracking happiness. The couple had thirteen children; Tolstoy managed his estates, one in the Volga steppeland, connected his educational projects, cared for his peasants and wrote War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1878). A Confession (1884) marked a spiritual crisis in his life; he became an extreme moralist and in a series of pamphlets after 1880 expressed his rejection of state and church, indictment of the weaknesses of the mankind and denunciation of private belongings. His last novel, Resurrection (1900), was written to earn money for the pacifist Dukhobor sect. His teaching earned him many followers at home and abroad, but also much opposition, and in 1901 he was excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church. He died in 1910, in the grade of a dramatic flying from home, at the modest railway station of Astapovo.
ANTHONY BRIGGS, Senior Research Fellow at Bristol Academy and Professor Emeritus at Birmingham, has written, translated or edited many books and manufactures on Russian and English literature. A leading authority on Aleksandr Pushkin, he has also edited five volumes of English language poetry. His recent translation of War and Peace for Penguin has been widely acclaimed.
DAVID MCDUFF was born in 1945 and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. His publications comprise a large number of translations of foreign verse and prose, including twentieth-century Russian and Scandinavian works. He has translated a number of nineteenth-century Russian prose works for the Penguin Classics serial. These include Fyodor Dostoyevsky'south Law-breaking and Penalization, The Brothers Karamazov, The Idiot, The House of the Dead and Poor Folk, Leo Tolstoy'due south The Cossacks, and Nikolay Leskov'southward 'Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk'. He has also translated Isaak Babel's Cerise Cavalry and Andrey Bely's Petersburg for Penguin.
RONALD WILKS studied Russian language and literature at Trinity College, Cambridge, after training as a Naval interpreter, and later Russian literature at London University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1972. Amid his translations for Penguin Classics are My Babyhood,My Apprenticeship and My Universities by Gorky, Diary of a Madman by Gogol, filmed for Irish Television, The Golovlyov Family past Saltykov-Shchedrin, How Much State Does a Human Need? past Tolstoy, Tales of Belkin and Other Prose Writings by Pushkin, and vi other volumes of stories by Chekhov: The Political party and Other Stories, The Kiss and Other Stories, The Fiancée and Other Stories, The Duel and Other Stories, The Steppe and Other Stories and Ward No. six and Other Stories. He has also translated The Little Demon by Sologub for Penguin.
PENGUIN CLASSICS
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This drove first published in Penguin Classics 2008
5
The Raid and The Woodfelling translation copyright © Ronald Wilks, 1993 Three Deaths and Polikushka translation copyright © Anthony Briggs, 2008; The Death of Ivan Ilyich translation copyright © Anthony Briggs, 2006 After the Brawl and The Forged Coupon translation copyright © David McDuff, 2004 Introduction copyright © Anthony Briggs, 2008 All rights reserved
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Chronology
1724 Pyotr Tolstoy (slap-up-groovy-great-grandfather) given hereditary title of Count by Tsar Peter the Great
1821 Death of Prince Nikolay Volkonsky, Tolstoy'south grandfather, at Yasnaya Polyana, Tula Province, 130 miles south-w of Moscow
1822 Marriage of Count Nikolay Tolstoy and Princess Marya Volkonskaya
1828 28 Baronial (Old Style). Birth of fourth son, Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, at Yasnaya Polyana
1830 Death of mother
1832 The eldest son, Nikolay, informs his brothers that the hole-and-corner of earthly happiness is inscribed on a green stick buried at Yasnaya Polyana (Tolstoy subsequently buried there)
1836 Nikolay Gogol's The Regime Inspector
1837 Death of Aleksandr Pushkin in duel Decease of father
1840 Mikhail Lermontov's A Hero of Our Fourth dimension
1841 Death of Lermontov in duel Expiry of first guardian Alexandra Osten-Saken, an aunt. The Tolstoy children motion to Kazan to live with another aunt, Pelageya Yushkova
1842 Gogol'south Dead Souls
1844 Enters Kazan Academy, reads Oriental languages
1845 Transfers to Law after declining examinations. Dissolute lifestyle: drinking, visits to prostitutes
1846 Fyodor Dostoyevsky's 'Poor Folk'
1847 Inherits manor of Yasnaya Polyana. Recovering from gonorrhoea, draws up scheme for cocky-perfection. Leaves academy without completing studies 'on grounds of ill wellness and domestic circumstances'
1848 — l In Moscow and St Petersburg, debauchery and gambling, large debts. Studies music
1850 Ivan Turgenev's A Month in the Country
1851 Travels to the Caucasus with Nikolay, who is serving in the army there. Reads Laurence Sterne: starts translating his Sentimental Journeying (1768) (not completed). Writes 'A History of Yesterday' (unfinished, first evidence of his powers of psychological assay). Begins writing Childhood
1852 Decease of Gogol. Turgenev's Sketches from a Hunter'south Album Enters the army every bit a cadet (Junker); based mainly in the Cossack station of Starogladkovskaya. Sees activity against the Chechens, and narrowly escapes capture Childhood
1853 Turkey declares war on Russia 'The Raid'
1854 France and England declare state of war on Russia. Crimean War starts
Commissioned, serves on Danube front. Nov: transferred at own asking to Sevastopol, then nether siege by allied forces Boyhood
1855 Expiry of Nicholas I; accretion of Alexander 2 In action until the fall of Sevastopol in August. Gains celebrity with 'Sevastopol in December' and further sketches, 'Sevastopol in May, 'Sevastopol in August 1855' (1856), 'Memoirs of a Billiard Marker', 'The Woodfelling'
1856 Peace signed between Russia, Turkey, France and England Turgenev's Rudin In St Petersburg, moves in literary circles; associates with Turgenev, Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Afanasy Fet and others. Leaves the army. Death of brother Dmitry 'The Snowstorm', 'Ii Hussars', 'A Landowner's Forenoon'
1857 February-Baronial. First trip abroad, to Paris (lasting impression of witnessing an execution by guillotine), Geneva and Baden-Baden Youth, 'Lucerne'
1858 Long-term relationship with peasant woman on manor, Aksinya Bazykina, begins 'Albert'
1859 Goncharov's Oblomov; Turgenev'due south The Habitation of the Gentry Founds primary schoolhouse at Yasnaya Polyana 'Three Deaths', Family Happiness
1860 Death of blood brother Nikolay from tuberculosis Dostoyevsky's Notes from the House of the Dead (1860-61). Turgenev'south On the Eve
1860 — 61 Emancipation of serfs (1861). Other reforms follow: Elective District Councils (zemstvos) set (1864); judicial reform (1865). Germination of revolutionary Land and Liberty movement. Showtime of intensive industrialization; spread of railways Serves as Arbiter of the Peace, dealing with post-Emancipation land settlements. Quarrels with Turgenev and challenges him (no duel). Travels in France, Germany, Italia and England. Loses groovy deal of money through gambling. Meets Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in Brussels
1862 Turgenev'south Fathers and Sons Starts a mag at Yasnaya Polyana on education for the peasants; abandons it later less than a twelvemonth. Police raid on Yasnaya Polyana. Considers emigrating to England and writes protest to the Tsar. Marries Sofya Andreyevna Behrs (b. 1844)
1863 Polish rebellion Nascency of first child, Sergey (Tolstoy and his wife were to accept thirteen children - nine boys and iv girls - of whom five dice in babyhood). Begins work on a novel, 'The Decembrists', which is later abandoned, but develops into State of war and Peace 'Polikushka', The Cossacks
1865 Nikolay Leskov's 'Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk' Kickoff part of War and Peace (titled 1805)
1866 Attempted assassination of Tsar Alexander II Dostoyevsky's Offense and Punishment
1867 Turgenev's Smoke Visits Borodino in search of textile for battle scene in War and Peace
1868 Dostoyevsky'due south The Idiot
1869 Publication of State of war and Peace completed
1870 — 71 Franco-Prussian War. Municipal authorities reform Dostoyevsky's Devils Studies ancient Greek. Illness; convalesces in Samara (Bashkiriya). Begins work on primer for children. First mention of Anna Karenina. Reads Arthur Schopenhauer and other philosophers. Starts piece of work on novel almost Peter the Peachy (later abandoned)
1872 'God Sees the Truth but Waits', 'A Prisoner of the Caucasus'
1873 Begins Anna Karenina. Raises funds during famine in Bashkiriya, where he has bought an estate. Growing obsession with problems of decease and religion; temptation to commit suicide
1874 Much occupied with educational theory
1875 Beginning of agile revolutionary movement
1875 — 7 Instalments of Anna Karenina published
1877 Turgenev'southward Virgin Soil Periodical publication of Anna Karenina completed (published in book class in 1878)
1877 — 8 Russo-Turkish War
1878 Reconciliation with Turgenev, who visits him at Yasnaya Polyana. Works on 'The Decembrists' and once more abandons it. Works on A Confession (completed 1882, only banned by the religious censor and published in Geneva in 1884)
1879 Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov
1880 Works on A Critique of Dogmatic Theology
1881 Assassination of Tsar Alexander Ii. With accession of Alexander Iii, the government returns to reactionary policies Decease of Dostoyevsky Writes to Tsar Alexander Iii request him to pardon his father's assassins
1882 Student riots in St Petersburg and Kazan Universities. Jewish pogroms and repressive measures against minorities Religious works, including new translation of the Gospels. Begins 'The Decease of Ivan Ilyich' and What So Must We Practise? Studies Hebrew
1883 Deathbed letter from Turgenev urging Tolstoy not to carelessness his fine art
1884 Family unit relations strained; first effort to exit home. 'What I Believe' banned. Nerveless Works published by his married woman
1885 Tension with his wife over new behavior. Works closely with Vladimir Chertkov, with whom (and others) he founds a publishing business firm, The Intermediary, to produce edifying literature for the common folk. Many popular stories written 1885 — 6, including 'What Men Alive By', 'Where Love Is, God Is', 'Strider'
1886 Walks from Moscow to Yasnaya Polyana in five days. Works on land during the summertime. Denounced as a heretic past Archbishop of Kherson 'The Expiry of Ivan Ilyich', 'How Much Land Does a Human Need?', What And so Must We Do?
1887 Meets Leskov 'On Life'
1888 Anton Chekhov's The Steppe Renounces meat, alcohol and tobacco. Growing friction between his wife and Chertkov. The Power of Darkness, banned in 1886, performed in Paris
1889 Finishes The Kreutzer Sonata. Begins Resurrection (works on it for 10 years)
1890 The Kreutzer Sonata banned, though, following an entreatment by his wife to the Tsar, publication is permitted in Collected Works
1891 Convinced that personal profits from writing are immoral, renounces copyright on all works published after 1881 and all future works. His family thus suffers financially, though his wife retains copyright in all the earlier works. Helps to organize famine relief in Ryazan province. Attacks smoking and booze in 'Why Practise Men Stupefy Themselves?'
1892 Organizes famine relief. The Fruits of Enlightenment (published 1891) produced at Maly theatre, Moscow
1893 Finishes 'The Kingdom of God is Within You'
1894 Accession of Tsar Nicholas 2. Strikes in St Petersburg Writes preface to a drove of stories by Guy de Maupassant. Criticizes Law-breaking and Penalty
1895 Meets Chekhov. The Ability of Darkness produced at Maly theatre, Moscow 'Master and Man'
1896 Chekhov's The Seagull Sees production of Hamlet and King Lear at Hermitage theatre, severely disquisitional of William Shakespeare
1897 Appeals to authorities on behalf of Dukhobors, a pacifist religious sect, to whom permission is granted to emigrate to Canada What is Fine art?
1898 Formation of Social Democratic Party. Dreyfus Affair in France Works for famine relief
1899 Widespread student riots Serial publication of Resurrection (in volume class in 1900)
1900 Meets Maxim Gorky, whom he calls a 'real man of the people'
1901 Foundation of Socialist Revolutionary Party Excommunicated from Orthodox Church for writing works 'repugnant to Christ and the Church'. Seriously ill, convalesces in Crimea; visitors include Chekhov and Gorky
1902 Finishes 'What is Religion?' Writes to Tsar Nicholas 2 on evils of autocracy and ownership of property
1903 Protests confronting Jewish pogroms in Kishinev 'Afterward the Ball'
1904 Russo-Japanese War. Russian fleet destroyed in Tsushima Straits. Assassination of Five. K. Plehve, Minister of the Interior Death of Chekhov Expiry of second eldest brother Sergey. Pamphlet on Russo-Japanese War published in England 'Shakespeare and the Drama'
1905 Attempted revolution in Russia (attacks all sides involved). Potemkin mutiny. S. Yu. Witte becomes prime minister Anarchical publicist pamphlets Introduction to Chekhov's 'Darling'
1908 Tolstoy'due south secretary, N. N. Gusev exiled 'I Cannot be Silent', a protest confronting majuscule punishment
1909 Increased animosity betwixt his wife and Chertkov; she threatens suicide
1910 Corresponds with Mahatma Gandhi concerning the doctrine of not-violent resist
ance to evil. His wife threatens suicide; demands all her husband's diaries for by ten years, but Tolstoy puts them in bank vault. Final breakdown of relationship with her. 28 October: leaves home. seven November: dies at Astapovo railway station. Buried at Yasnaya Polyana
1912 First publication of 'The Devil', 'Father Sergius', Hadji Murat, 'The Forged Coupon'
Introduction
Men must endure
Their going hence, even as their coming hither:
Ripeness is all.
King Lear V two
THE VOICE OF Decease
1 of Leo Tolstoy's afar ancestors is likely to take been a large man; the family surname is an adjective implying bulk. Generations subsequently, Leo came into the sturdily named dynasty having inherited every last tendency to massiveness. He turned out to take a big, strong trunk - he could elevator 180lb (82 kilos) with one hand - a large ego, and a colossal appetite for life and learning, along with a formidable intellect. He lived a long life, fathering xiii children and dying in his fourscore-3rd year, famous for having written, by mutual acknowledgement, the biggest and best novel in the earth. By then he was also recognized beyond the globe equally a titan of moral and spiritual leadership. His Collected Works run to ninety large volumes; there isn't a delicate lyric amid them. For Leo Tolstoy the only scale was gargantuan. Information technology comes every bit no surprise, therefore, to acquire that when, at the historic period of forty-1, he was affected with what we might now call a mid-life crunch, it was an acute one.
The trouble started in the late 1860s as he finished State of war and Peace (1869). At present, in his total maturity, at the zenith of his physical and intellectual powers, bursting with vitality and nurtured by success, Tolstoy should have been a happy man. But on the contrary, the sheer goodness of living seems to have made him all the more than obsessed with the inevitability of decease. What he had could be taken away, would be taken away, and soon. His wife describes how he felt at this time: 'Oftentimes he said his brain injure, some painful process was going on within it, everything was over for him, information technology was time for him to die.'1 Some of the pain came from what he was reading; during the summer of 1869 he was immersed in the work of the High german philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, whose poisonous pessimism was enough to make a happy man deplorable, and a distressing man suicidal.
Source: https://celz.ru/leo-tolstoy/313765-the_death_of_ivan_ilyich_and_other_stories.html