How to Cite Letter From Birmingham Jail Chicago
MLA (Modern Language Association) style for documentation is widely used in the humanities, especially in writing on language and literature. MLA style features brief parenthetical citations in the text keyed to an alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of the work.
Core Elements
Each entry in the list of works cited is composed of facts common to most works—the MLA core elements. They are assembled in a specific order.
Containers
The concept of containers is crucial to MLA style. When the source being documented forms part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source. For example, a short story may be contained in an anthology. The short story is the source, and the anthology is the container.
(Source: Official MLA website)
MLA (Modern Language Association) Style 8th Edition- Citing Print Sources
(note: Work Cited should be double spaced)
| 1 AUTHOR | Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New Press, 2010. |
| 2 AUTHORS | Barsh, Joanna, and Johanne Lavoie. Centered Leadership: A Leading with Purpose, Clarity, and Impact. Crown Business, 2014. |
| 3 OR MORE AUTHORS | Beley, Ennis, et al. Picture LA: Landmarks of a New Generation. Edited by Jeffrey Levin, Getty Conservation Institute, 1994. |
| EDITORS AS AUTHORS | Daniels, Pamela, and Sara Ruddick, editors. Women Imagine Change: A Global Anthology of Women's Resistance from 600 B.C.E. to Present. Routledge, 1997. |
| REFERENCE BOOK | Dworken, Harvey J. "Digestion and Digestive Systems: Organ Functions." The New Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia, 15th ed., vol. 17, Encyclopedia Britannica, 2005, pp. 286-93. |
| JOURNAL ARTICLE REPRINTED IN A BOOK | Foley, Barbara. "Reading Redness: Politics and Audience in Ralph Ellison's Early Short Fiction." Short Story Criticism, edited by Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau, vol. 79, Gale, 2005, pp. 43-52. Originally published in Journal of Narrative Theory, vol. 29, no. 3, Fall 1999, pp. 323-39. |
| WORK IN A COLLECTION OR ANTHOLOGY | King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter from Birmingham Jail." 1963. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay, Norton, 1997, pp.1854-66. |
| WEEKLY MAGAZINE | Lowrey, Annie. "Where Did the Government Jobs Go?" New York Times Magazine, 1 May 2016, pp. 64-67. |
| MONTHLY MAGAZINE | Quammen, David. "America's Wild Idea: Yellowstone." National Geographic, May 2016, pp. 30-53 |
| JOURNAL | Trometter, Alyssa L. "Malcolm X and the Aboriginal Black Power Movement in Australia, 1967-1972." Journal of African American History, vol. 100, no. 2, Spring 2015, pp. 226-49. |
| DAILY NEWSPAPER | Zavis, Alexandra, and Nabih Bulos. "Syria Road Map May Go Nowhere." Los Angeles Times, 9 Sept. 2016, p. A4. |
MLA (Modern Language Association) Style 9th Edition - Citing Online Sources
Elements (with examples):
| 1. Author's name (last name, first name) | Moraga, Cherríe. |
| 2. Title of article (in quotation marks) | "Art in America, Con Acento." |
| 3. Name of periodical (italicized) | Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, |
| 4. Volume. Issue Note: Journal citations include the volume and issue number while magazine/newspaper citations do not. | vol. 12, no. 3, |
| 5. Date published | 1992, |
| 6. Page number(s) | pp. 154-160. |
| 7. Database title (italicized) | JSTOR. |
| 8. DOI | https://doi.org/10.2307/3346648. |
Formula:
Author(s). "Title of Article." Name of Periodical , vol. ##, no. ##, date published, pp. ##-##. Database Name , DOI (or permalink if DOI not provided).
Examples for a Works Cited List:
Moraga, Cherríe. "Art in America, Con Acento ." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies , vol. 12, no. 3 , 1992 , pp. 154-160 . JSTOR , https://doi.org/10.2307/3346648 .
Lazarus, David. "Our Irrational Custom of Tipping." Los Angeles Times, 20 May 2016, pp. C1+. ProQuest, search.proquest.com/docview/1789939968?accountid=41101.
McGibney, Megan and Chris Perez Noonan. "Smuggle Bust at Jail." The New York Post, 20 May 2016, p. 10. LexisNexis Academic, libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=http://www.lexisnexis.
com/us/lnacademic.
Morcos, Nicholas, and Roy Morcos. "Personality Disorders: A Measured Response." Journal of Family Practice, vol. 65, no. 2, Feb. 2016, pp. 90-97. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=113171251&site=ehost-live.
Spivack, Miranda S. "Women in Combat." CQ Researcher, 13 May 2016, pp. 433-56. CQ Press, library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2016051300.
Twiss, Sumner B. "History, Human Rights, and Globalization." Journal of Religious Ethics, vol. 32, no.1, Spring 2004, pp. 39-70. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40018154.
Online Books
If citing an online book that also appeared in print, begin the citation with the relevant facts about print publication (author, title, publisher, year published etc.), followed by the Name of the Database (italicized) and permalink or URL (omit http:// or https://).
Berk, Laura E. Awakening Children's Minds: How Parents and Teachers Can Make a Difference. Oxford UP, 2004. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=143600&site=ehost-live.
Kipling, Rudyard. The Jungle Book. Century, 1913. The Library of Congress: Classic Books, www.read.gov/books/jungle_book.html.
Web Pages
Elements:
| Name of the author | Aydin, Scott I. |
| Title of the Web page or article (in quotation marks) | "Eisenmenger Syndrome." |
| Title of the Web site or online periodical (italicized ) | A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia, |
| Name of the publisher or sponsoring institution Note: The name of the publisher can be omitted if it is essentially the same as the title of Web site | MedlinePlus, |
| Date of publication or latest update | 15 Mar. 2016, |
| URL (omit http:// or https://) | medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007317.htm. |
| Date of access (day month year) | Accessed 29 Sept. 2016. |
Formula:
Author(s). "Title of the Page." Title of the Web Site,Name of Sponsoring Institution, date of publication/last update, URL. Accessed day month year.
Examples for a Works Cited List (use a hanging indent)
Aydin, Scott I. "Eisenmenger Syndrome." A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia , MedlinePlus, 15 Mar. 2016, medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007317.htm. Accessed 29 Sept. 2016.
Lowe, Josh. "Netflix, Amazon Could Face EU Content Quotas." Newsweek, 14 Sept. 2016, www.newsweek.com/netflix-amazon-eu-quotas-463379. Accessed 14 Sept. 2016.
Van Helden, Albert, et al., editors. "Copernican System." The Galileo Project, Rice U, 1995, galileo.rice.edu/sci/theories/copernican_system.html. Accessed 14 Sept. 2016.
Wattles, Jackie. "Clean Energy Gets Dirty: Turning Sewage into Heat." CNNMoney, 24 June 2016, money.cnn.com/2016/05/24/technology/sewage-energy-sharc-wastewater-systems/index.
html?sr=recirc052516eneregy0930story. Accessed 14 Sept. 2016.
How to Cite Letter From Birmingham Jail Chicago
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